The following information is for general accessibility throughout the residence. For more detailed modifications go to the specific area under Home Modifications to the right. Also, our CAPS certified contractors are trained in all areas of accessibility and may have some important suggestions for improvement once they see your property.

Safe Entry / Exit

People must be able to safely enter and exit from the residence. Barrier-free entries, without steps, are optimum and need to be well lit. It's recommended that each home have 2 safe entry/exits in case of an emergency. If the dwelling has steps then a ramp or lift is necessary.

A covered area over a 5' x5' platform (minimum), outside the doorway is required for maneuvering.

Doorways should be 36" wide to provide a clear area of 33'' (approx.). Entry doors also come 42'' wide, and custom wider sizes are available. Door thresholds should be under 1/2" inch high. Threshold ramps are available for 1/2'' - 3'' and make this transition much safer. Automatic door openers are highly recommended and make life easier for everyone. It's also important to consider seeing or hearing who is at the door by utilizing a peep-hole, sidelight, window and/or an intercom system. Make sure the peep-hole and/or intercom is at the appropriate height for all occupants.

Door handles and locks need to be easy to use for those with dexterity and grip limitations. Lever style door knobs are superior to twisting knobs.

General

Have paddle switches installed throughout and use illuminate paddle switches in entryway, bedroom, hallways, kitchen and other areas were one may be entering a dark room and can't see the light switches. Utilize lighting switches with adjustable timers to light up hallways, kitchen and bathrooms and other dark areas during the night.

Relocate all switches and electrical outlets, thermostats, keypads, and intercoms 20'' off floor and not more than 40'' off floor so everyone can reach them.

If laundry room is in the basement consider having it moved to a new space on the first floor. Front loading washer and dryer, raised up (standard on newer appliances), makes doing the laundry easier by eliminating bending. Have easy to reach shelving added to this room for laundry supplies.

Reconfigure closets with a higher and lower hanger rod. Have hardware installed so upper rod can easily swing down within accessible height range. Also, have pull-out shelving installed to improve access and eliminate reaching. Have accessible space for medical supplies.

Eliminate all steps throughout the dwelling.

Install smooth anti-skid flooring and/or low-nap carpeting with thin pad underneath. Commercial carpeting is thin, durable and many times less expensive than residential carpet. Colors that do not have a lot of contrast are better for those with poor eyesight.

Have new windows installed that are easily opened and have locks that are within reach and easy to use. Consider the height of the bottom of windows and visibility of those in wheelchairs. Many times standard height windows do not allow those in a seated position to see much but the sky.

Have new blinds installed that are easy to operate manually or controlled electronically by switch or remote.

Have swing-clear hinges installed on interior doors to increase opening by 1-1/2''.

Have 36'' wide pocket doors installed were wherever possible.

Replace sliding glass door with swing-open glass door and eliminate threshold.

For wheelchair users it's important that they are able to get close up to kitchen table, desks, vanities, counter tops, etc. This may require some modifications throughout the residence by raising things up or by other means.

Home Automation

Have a programmable thermostat installed.

Have a security system installed. Some of these units incorporate many features such as motion detectors, basement flooding alarm, carbon monoxide detector alarm and you can open/close garage doors from inside the home.

Have remote/touch screen lighting controls installed.

Install timer devices to automatically turn lights on/off and outlets on/off.

Have exterior motion-detector lighting installed.

Have an automatic door opener installed.

Have remote or fingerprint activated door lock(s) installed.

Have remote monitoring and control system with cameras and surveillance installed.

There are many modifications and products that will make the kitchen safer and more accessible. We'll start with the minor modifications and work up to a fully accessible kitchen. Kitchens are important because we spend a lot of time there. Keep in mind that some modifications are expensive but pale in comparison to hospital and medical bills or a permanent injury that could have been prevented with some home modifications.

Make sure there is good lighting especially for those with compromised eyesight. Under cabinet lighting is a good place to start and many differing styles are available including some that use batteries and can be easily installed. However, it's best to have fixtures hard-wired and controlled by a wall switch. The important thing is to be able to see the contrast between the edge of counter surfaces and other elements.

Turn your water heater down to 120 degrees, or less to prevent scalding or install an anti-scald device for your sink.

Remove all clutter from counter tops and workspaces. If small appliances could be moved to a more convenient area but electrical outlet locations are prohibiting this, have some new outlets installed. All outlets must be hardwired to a GFI.

Have the drawer and cupboard cabinets hardware changed to "U"-shape design that is easier to grasp.

A new 6-1/2'' deep kitchen sink doesn't require as much bending and works well for modifications that require open knee space underneath for wheelchair users.

Have a new faucet installed with levered design instead of knobs. The

faucet can be mounted on the side of the sink instead the back for easier reach. A pull out spray hose is also more helpful.

Countertops should not have sharp corners and should be rounded off. If purchasing new Formica® counter tops, different colors can be used to contrast different heights and edges. Wood trim on the edge can also be incorporated to smooth edges and provide contrast.

Have pull-out shelves installed (full extension), on lower cabinets and pantry. Lazy-susan shelving in corner cabinets improves accessibility

and use of space. Have pull-down hardware installed on upper cabinet shelving.

If you have a microwave mounted over the stove and have reach and strength impairments, have it moved to the countertop. Some units vent on the bottom and can not be relocated, so a new microwave may be required. Have a pull-out cutting board or simi lair shelf installed with heat resistant surface to set hot foods on from the microwave if countertop area is limited.

Have the cabinet under sink modified to allow clear knee space. A scald guard needs to be installed or wrapped around plumbing to prevent burns. You can also have the same modifications under counters, and cook tops. A garbage disposal can block this area so a wide double-sided sink with the drain as far back as possible is preferable.

You can have variable height (28“- 42“) countertop surfaces to perform tasks easier or while sitting.

Raise dishwasher up 6''- 8'' for less bending.

Have new cabinets installed that raise and lower for variable heights either manually or mechanically.

Accessible cabinets are lower height and have a raised toe kick area for wheelchair users. They can also incorporate many of the items listed above.

Have a wall-mounted oven installed at the preferred height to eliminate bending. Some units come with a side-swing open door which greatly improves access.

Have a new cook top installed with flat surface to make sliding pots and pans less dangerous and cleaning easier. Look for cook tops with controls at the front to eliminate reaching and have pushbuttons as opposed to twisting knobs. Make sure the controls are easy to read and easy to use. Sometimes simple is better. Some cook tops have indicator lights that warn of hot surfaces, and have built-in timers.

Manufacturers are now making "drawer dishwashers" that can be built into your cabinets and slide in and out just like a drawer. They are smaller in size but can be located at nearly any height. You can also get a small 20" (approximate) cube size countertop dishwasher for small loads and convenient accessibility.

Many people, and especially those in wheelchairs feel that side by side refrigerators are easier to use and more accessible. They are available with large easy-to-grasp handles and water/ice dispenser on the outside of door. Pull-out adjustable height shelving and shelving in the door make these units especially convenient.

Most new appliances are energy efficient, come with easy to use controls and advanced features that make life easier. They can also pay for themselves in energy savings.

 

The objective in modifying the bathroom is for safety and ease of use. Modifications suggested below are universal and are designed for all users. As you will see fairly large rooms are needed for a fully accessible bathroom. A remodeling project of this magnitude may require moving existing walls to expand bathroom size.

General

Turn your water heater down to 120 degrees, or less to prevent

scalding or install an anti-scald device for your tub/shower and vanity sink.

Have grab bars installed throughout your the bathroom especially in the shower/tub and commode area. Grab bars come in a variety of colors and styles to match the decor in your bathroom. Companies manufacture fold-down grab bars that fold up and out of the way when not in use.

Have swing-clear hinges installed to improve door opening space by 1-1/2'', or a new 36'' wide door. Pocket doors are very helpful in saving space, are user friendly, and also come in 36'' wide. If a pocket door is not an option you can change the door swing direction to swing out rather than into the bathroom.

Have a new closet/storage area with shelving built for all your bathroom washcloths, towels and supplies.

Vanity

Have a new single handle or motion-activated faucet installed.

Have a sitting area built with knee space under counter.

Relocate medicine cabinets so all occupants can easily reach them.

Have a open-style vanity installed with clear knee space underneath for seated and/or wheelchair users. Make sure the plumbing is protected with heat-resident material to prevent burns. Under-counter cabinets with drawers or pull-out shelves can be located to the side.

A slight downward tilt on vanity mirror increases visiability and usage for those in a seated position.

Provide clear area of 5' x 5' in front of vanity for walker/wheelchair maneuvering.

Commode

Have a new 18'' high ADA commode installed. Toilet seats that are 3'' to 4'' thick are also available to raise seated area.

Provide clear area around and in front (5' x 5') of commode for maneuvering.

Have grab bars installed - this is a good place for the fold-down grab bars for those with coordination and balance problems.

Bath / Shower

Have offset controls moved near the outside of tub/shower to eliminate reaching and bending.

Have a shower wand installed on a sliding bar with adjustable height and a long hose for easier accessibility. It's recommended that a grab bar with adjustable height shower wand holder be used since some of the slide bars do not meet the ADA codes for weight baring.

Have a sliding transfer seat installed on existing tub.

Have a tub with access door installed.

Bathtubs are dangerous to nearly everyone especially elderly and those with balance and coordination problems. The problem is mostly due to the wet slippery surface of bathtubs, which can and should be removed and replaced with a 0-step entry shower. It's recommended to have 5' x 5' 0-step (roll-in; walk-in) shower because it allows plenty of maneuvering. space for wheelchair users. A minimum of 36'' x 60'' space is required. Water drainage is a big consideration and should be discussed with the contractor. Colored, textured ceramic tile with decorative accents can be used in coordination with colored grab bars for a nice looking design that is safe and usable for everyone.

Lifts are a convenient and safe way to move from one level to another whether it's a few steps or from one floor to another. There are many types of available and some are customized for individual needs.

Platform Lifts

Platform lifts are designed for transferring a person to different elevations if they have difficulty walking up and down steps, while they use a walker, seated in a wheelchair or scooter. They can be used for a few steps, up to a porch, deck, platform or from one floor to another. Platform lifts can be portable or permanently installed, based on model, application, and user requirements. They can be installed inside or outside and are for residential, public and commercial uses.

Stair lifts

Stair lifts are designed to transfer a person from one level to another inside or outside. There are many different models and manufacturers. The person can stand or be seated perpendicular to the staircase in a "chair" type seat that swivels, has armrests and footrest (depending on model). Lifts follow a rail system that is either attached to the tread or wall and can even follow a curved staircase. Stairs are still usable for others, and some safety features include seatbelts, key locks, DC power supplied by battery, in case of electrical shortage, and sensors for stopping if something is blocking the path of travel and brake systems.

Ceiling lifts

Ceiling lifts are designed to transfer individuals by using a sling and follow a track mounted to the ceiling. Some units follow a track right into a closet for storage. Ceiling lifts are powered electronically and are mostly used for transferring in and out of bed to a wheelchair, gurney, or from room to room, such as bedroom to bathroom.

Pool, spa and watercraft lifts

These lifts come in a variety of model types and configurations including transferring in seats, slings or complete wheelchairs. These lifts can be moved manually or mounted to decks or the ground. They can be used for in ground and above-ground pools and operated manually, electronically (rechargeable batteries), or by water-power.

Elevators

Residential elevators have varying levels of complexity depending on how many floors they are traveling and the size and weight capacity. They can cetainly increase the value of your home. A 2-floor system with the entry/exit in the same direction are relatively simple units that do not require a shaft or pit.

A 3-floor or more elevator system gets more expensive and can require a shaft, pit or small ramp at the bottom. These units come in a variety of wood trim or painted finishes and various sizes.

The objective here is to provide a 0-step entry/exit for the occupant and can be achieved using exterior ramps made using earth by redesigning the landscaping, constructing a ramp out of wood, concrete, aluminum or steel. The doorway threshold should be less than 1/2" high. If the door threshold is higher threshold ramps can be installed.

Safe entry/exit should be 25 sq. ft. (5' x5') outside of entry, have a covered roof, and be well lit.

~Ask about our ramp rental program~

Earth (landscape grading)

For entryways with 3 steps or less, changing the grade in landscaping is

ideal for appearance, re-sale value and low maintenance. The lot needs to be conducive for this type of modification and may require a retaining wall. A grade of 1" rise/20'' run, or less, normally will not require handrails unless occupant requires them. A new concrete or brick-paver sidewalk will need to be installed up to a 60'' x 60'' (minimum) flat porch that is covered. This provides enough space for a walker or wheelchair to maneuver at the entry door.

Wooden ramps

Wooden ramps can be constructed quickly andare an inexpensive option. However, they need to be built by a professional to ensure that they meet proper specifications provided by the ADA, and are safe for all users. Treated lumber must be used if they are exposed to outside elements and hand and foot rails need to be built-in as well. These type or ramps must have a slope of 1'' rise/12'' run and can get very long if there are three steps or more. They need to provide access to a flat surfaces at the top entry way, and the bottom, a sidewalk, driveway, garage or parking lot. Ramps can incorporate stairs and can be attached to decks or porches.

Aluminum and Steel ramps

Most of these type of ramps are modular which means they have been pre-built in sections which can be re-constructed easily on site. They are normally installed as a temporary measure but can also be used permanently. The advantage to aluminum is that it doesn't rust and is generally maintenance free. Aluminum ramps normally rest on cement pads which if installed over sod or dirt can shift offsetting the ramp surfaces. Thankfully, most manufacturers incorporate adjustable legs that can level out the ramp with minor maintenance. Aluminum and steel ramps can be moved from one residence to another relatively easily. Another advantage is that they can be rented by month and aren't permanent. ADI is an authorized dealer of high-quality modular aluminum ramps and we sell and rent them. Please contact us for pricing.

Concrete

Concrete ramps are more expensive especially for higher elevations, but can be more aesthetically pleasing for condominiums and commercial buildings. Installation of concrete requires extensive ground preparation which requires removal of all existing materials, and the addition and preparation of base materials were the new cement will be poured. Retaining walls will need to be installed and steps can be easily incorporated. Steel, aluminum or cast-iron handrails will need to be installed. An advantage of concrete is the non-slip surface.

Threshold ramps

For door thresholds higher than under 2" can use threshold ramps which can be purchased and set in place manually by anyone, and normally do not require permanent fastening. They are made from aluminum or rubber compound, can be purchased here, and there is always the flexibility of moving it or removing it easily.

Some times it's more efficient and practical to build an addition or suite rather than remodeling the residence. An addition allows an abundance of freedom to incorporate accessibility into the design. We suggest the following design elements for an addition. Please refer to the other areas under home modification for specifics.



The floor plan should be open to allow freedom to move throughout. Build wider doorways, 36'' minimum, and incorporate pocket doors where possible. The entry way should be a wide door (36'' or even 42''), 0-step entry with low (1/4'') threshold.

Door handles and locks need to be easy to use for those with dexterity and grip limitations. Lever style door knobs are superior to twisting knobs.

Automatic door openers are highly recommended and make life easier for everyone. It's also important to consider seeing or hearing who is at the door by utilizing a peep-hole, sidelight, window and/or an intercom system. Make sure the peep-hole and/or intercom is at the appropriate height for all occupants.

The more natural light the better and skylights are a great way to maximize lighting. Have new windows installed that are easily opened and have locks that are within reach and easy to use. If occupants are in wheelchairs lowering the window heights increase views dramatically.

Build easy to use large closets for storing medical supplies along with clothing.

Have paddle switches installed throughout and use illuminated paddle switches in entryway, bedroom, hallways, kitchen and other areas were one may be entering a dark room and can't see the light switches.

Locate all switches and electrical outlets, thermostat, keypads, and intercoms 20'' off floor and not more than 40'' off floor so everyone can reach them.

Install smooth anti-skid flooring and/or low-nap carpeting with thin pad underneath. Commercial carpeting is thin, durable and many times less expensive than residential carpet. Colors that do not have a lot of contrast are better for those with poor eyesight.

Have new blinds installed that are easy to operate manually or controlled electronically by switch or remote.

Have a programmable thermostat installed. Have a security system installed. Some of these units incorporate many features such as motion detectors, basement flooding alarm, carbon monoxide detector alarm and you can open/close garage doors from inside the home.

Have exterior motion-detector lighting installed.